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Mesopotamia and Iran · 6th–1st millennium BCE

All the types of ziggurat

A ziggurat is a stepped temple mountain of mud brick. It is not a single form but several schools: from the Ubaid platform to the seven tiers of Babylon and the Elamite core with its internal staircases.

7architectural types
17key monuments
2–7tiers in the towers

Ziggurats

A classification by construction, region and method of ascent — this is how archaeologists tell Ur from Chogha Zanbil and Etemenanki. The last card is not an architectural type but a selection, "Surviving today": monuments whose ruins still stand today, with photos from open sources.

Iran and Iraq

Other countries →

The main surviving and reconstructed ziggurats. The "Surviving today" filter shows monuments whose ruins still stand today — each one has a photo from open sources.

Map

From Eridu in southern Sumer to Sialk on the Iranian plateau and the Assyrian capitals on the Tigris.

The map pins are numbered (west to east, left to right) — the number matches the number in the list below. Clicking a pin opens the monument's page:

Ziggurats in other countries

Strictly speaking, a ziggurat is a stepped temple tower of Mesopotamia and Elam. But the idea of a "sacred mountain" on which a temple or tomb is raised arose independently in other civilisations as well. Below are not ziggurats but their global parallels — similar stepped structures, grouped by region: .

The stepped profile, axial staircases and orientation to the cardinal points link these buildings to the ziggurats, but they are independent traditions: each has its own functions, materials and cults. The real ziggurats of Iraq and Iran are in the "Catalogue" and on the "Map" above.

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